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https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-bipap-3015273
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) serves as an alternative to CPAP that can be used to treat those with central sleep apnea, those who cannot tolerate the continuous positive airway pressure, and those hospitalized with respiratory distress who do not wish to …
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bilevel-positive-airway-pressure
APRV (also known as biphasic ventilation, bilevel ventilation, and bilevel positive airway pressure) is a time-cycled, pressure-targeted form of ventilatory support. 111-115 It is actually a modification of pressure-targeted SIMV that allows spontaneous breathing (with or without PS) during both the inflation and deflation phases.
https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-treatments/p/positive-airway-pressure-therapies/types/bilevel-positive-airway-pressure.html
BiLevel positive airway pressure (BiLevel) machines have two different pressures; a higher pressure when breathing in and a lower pressure when breathing out. By alternating the inhalation and exhalation pressures, the BiLevel encourages the lungs to operate more efficiently.
http://www.emdocs.net/bi-level-ventilation-needs-doesnt-pearls-pitfalls/
Bi-level offers the advantage of improving both cardiac and pulmonary function by providing pressure support with IPAP and EPAP/PEEP. IPAP assists ventilation, which decreases the work of breathing and assures adequate ventilation.
https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-us/products/mechanical-ventilation/software/puritan-bennett-840-bi-level-software.html
Additionally, Bi-Level mode offers expanded Pressure Support (PS) capabilities. When the time at lower PEEP is set long enough to allow spontaneous breathing, PS can be used. If the PS level is set high enough, the breaths at the upper PEEP can also be pressure-supported.
https://emcrit.org/squirt/aprv/
Release breaths are what provides mechanical support to assist the patient's work of breathing. So if the T-High is too long, the vent isn't doing much to support the patient's work of breathing (this starts to resemble CPAP). T-Low. Trickiest setting, requires ongoing attention if the lung physiology changes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119924/
Despite such an innovative technology, the advantages offered by bi-level PAP therapy over CPAP from an adherence standpoint have been mixed at best. A recent systematic Cochrane database review concluded that bi-level PAP therapy was not superior to conventional CPAP therapy from an adherence standpoint. 16Cited by: 23
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