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https://www.rocscience.com/documents/pdfs/rocnews/winter2012/Rock-Support-Interaction-Analysis-for-Tunnels-Hoek.pdf
Rock-Support Interaction analysis for tunnels in weak rock masses Introduction Tunnelling in weak rock presents some special challenges to the geotechnical engineer since misjudgements in the design of support systems can lead to very costly failures.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/tunnel/Tunneling-techniques
The other was the success of such bolts as the sole rock support in large underground powerhouse chambers of Australia’s Snowy Mountains project. Since about 1960, rock bolts have had major success in providing the sole support for large tunnels and rock chambers with spans up to 100 feet.
https://miningandblasting.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/tunnelling_in_rocks_present_technology_future_challenges.pdf
Rock Support Laboratoire de Mécanique des Roches −LMR Rock tunnel support are divided into two categories: Temporally support: This is a short-term measure only to provide a safe working environment for continuous excavation. Common techniques are bolts and shotcrete. Permanent support: This is long-term support for a life-span of the tunnel.
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/hrr/1970/339/339-003.pdf
Rock Tunnels Three main types of primary support systems are presently used in rock tunnels in the United States. They are rock bolts, steel sets, and shotcrete. Shotcrete is a pneumatically applied large-aggregate concrete. The need for a secondary lining in a tunnel supported by shotcrete depends on the purpose of the tunnel. Table 1 gives pres
https://www.ngi.no/eng/Projects/Tunnel-stability
The objective of this research is to improve the safety of rock tunnels through: development, implementation and verifications of design procedures, equipment and technolo¬gies to ensure that potential failures are identified prior to or during construction and that sufficient, durable and cost-effective rock support is installed
http://nff.no/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Publication_19.pdf
special rock support solutions for TBM-tunnels. Decisions on rock support are based on competence, available site investigations, common practise and most important, actual observations of the rock mass during excavation. The basic approach to rock support in Norwegian tunnelling is to utilise the inher-
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775515301840
Sep 25, 2012 · The support behavior must be fundamentally changed to a deformable yielding system that is able to tolerate large tunnel convergence without “self-destruction” while absorbing dynamic energy, thus providing support to ensure safety and serviceability of the tunnel. A yielding rock support system is a system in harmony with its surrounding ...Cited by: 217
https://www.britannica.com/technology/tunnel
Tunnels and underground excavations, horizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature’s action in dissolving a soluble rock. Tunnels have many uses: for mining ores, for transportation—including road vehicles, trains, subways, and canals—and for …
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNDppVTVUss
Jul 24, 2018 · Rock bolts are a type of reinforcement for stabilizing rock excavations, usually made from steel bars or bolts. This simple construction method dramatically reduces the cost of making tunnels ...Author: Practical Engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods.. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal.
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