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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260857082_Designing_Shotcrete_As_Primary_Support_in_Tunnels
Designing Shotcrete As Primary Support in Tunnels. ... It was deduced that the temporary support system applied to the tunnel in this section cannot provide a safe margin against long-term strains ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotcrete
Shotcrete is commonly used to line tunnel walls, in mines, subways, and automobile tunnels. Fire-resistant shotcrete developed in Norway is used on the Marmaray tunnel in Istanbul. Shotcrete is used to reinforce both temporary and permanent excavations.
https://www.shotcrete.org/media/Archive/2014Fal_Zhang.pdf
Shotcrete • Fall 2014 23 every test panel. Two cores were tested for compressive strength at 7 days and two cores were tested at 28 days. Shotcrete construction included Stage I, when shotcrete was applied primarily on the upper walls and overhead parts of the tunnel, and Stage II, when shotcrete was applied primarily
https://www.shotcrete.org/pages/why-shotcrete/ground-support.htm
Ground Support & Underground. Earth and rock excavations are effectively stabilized with shotcrete and a variety of reinforcement and anchoring systems. Using shotcrete to stabilize soil for excavation has advantages over traditional timber and steel shoring techniques. Shotcrete is also ideal for ground support in tunneling and mining.
https://blog.geotechpedia.com/index.php/2013/05/fiber-reinforced-shotcrete-or-wire-mesh-for-tunnel-support/
May 22, 2013 · Chrys Steiakakis, you are share a such great information about Fiber reinforced shotcrete or wire mesh for tunnel support. This way through stabilize tunnel using the ground as a supporting element and at the same time you gain in cost by using a lighter tunnel support.
https://www.rocscience.com/assets/resources/learning/hoek/Practical-Rock-Engineering-Chapter-15-Shotcrete-Support.pdf
The use of shotcrete for the support of underground excavations was pioneered by the civil engineering industry. Reviews of the development of shotcrete technology have been presented by Rose (1985), Morgan (1993) and Franzén (1992). Rabcewicz (1969) was largely responsible for the introduction of the use of shotcrete for tunnel support
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444874627500165
In 1915, the Allentown Cement Gun company bought Akeley1s patent. In the 1930's, Rabcewicz began to use shotcrete for tunnel support in Iran and later in Europe, leading eventually to his concept and theories (with co-workers) of the New Austrian Tunnel Method (NATM). In North America, E.E. Mason used gunite (shotcrete) to seal a tunnel roof in ...Cited by: 1
http://blog.geotechpedia.com/index.php/category/tunnel-support/
Jun 28, 2016 · In reality NATM is more than just the sprayed concrete lining and erroneously every tunnel support utilizing shotcete is named NATM but another post will cover this issue. In this post I would like to make some points regarding the use of fibers or wire mesh in the reinforcement of shotcrete used for tunnel support. A great amount of literature ...
http://www.shotcretetechnologies.com/about-us/
About Shotcrete Technologies. Shotcrete Technologies, Inc. has been supplying mining, tunneling and infrastructure projects with quality Shotcrete products and services for over 35 years, including: Shotcrete Products, including our industry standard; Shot-Tech Robotic Arm, which can be mounted on many types of carriers.
https://gzconsultants.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/03/Shotcrete-for-Tunnel-Final-Linings-Design-and-Construction-Considerations.pdf
The shotcrete initial tunnel support was designed to provide the long-term ground support, while a 216 Figure 1. Trowel finished shotcrete lining. 09096-27.qxd 2/18/04 12:34 PM Page 216. secondary layer will provide support to the hydro-static …
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