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http://www.daub-ita.de/fileadmin/documents/daub/gtcrec1/gtcrec10.pdf
Face Support Pressure Calculations for Shield Tunnelling in Soft Ground Version 10/2016 page 6 of 64 List of Variables A [m2] Cross-sectional area of the silo AA [m2] Area AA BB [m2] Area BB b [m] Length the silo c [kN/m2] Cohesion ′1 [kN/m2] Average characteristic cohesion in overburden area ′2 [kN/m2] Average characteristic cohesion in tunnel face area
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel
A major tunnel project must start with a comprehensive investigation of ground conditions by collecting samples from boreholes and by other geophysical techniques. An informed choice can then be made of machinery and methods for excavation and ground support, which will reduce the risk of encountering unforeseen ground conditions.
https://www.trenchlesspedia.com/definition/3487/tunnel-face
In tunnel construction, the tunnel face is defined as the inside working face or the shaft bottom of an excavation from which boring is carried out. During the boring operation, soil is removed from the tunnel face to further advance the tunnel being constructed.
https://www.herrenknecht.com/en/products/productdetail/partial-face-excavation-machine/
Partial-face Excavation Machines are open tunnelling shields that do not have a closed system for pressure balance at the tunnel face to provide soil and groundwater support. Therefore, various mechanical methods are used to ensure adequate support and to protect the machine against groundwater inflow.
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/tunnel-face-support-pressure-and-associated-risk
TY - GEN. T1 - Tunnel face support pressure and associated risk. AU - Ahmed, Mahmoud. AU - Iskander, Magued. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Prediction of ground movements and risk assessment of damage to adjacent buildings and utilities have become an essential part of the success of tunneling projects in urban environments.Cited by: 1
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0886779819301944
To study the effect of the soil below the tunnel invert on face support pressure at failure, the results of two different stratification cases were compared. The first case consisted of a homogeneous frictional soil (i.e. the same soil stratum is from the ground surface to well below the tunnel invert) with a friction angle of φ ' …Author: Ahmed S.N. Alagha, David N. Chapman
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775516000147
A suitable tunnel support system is to be adopted (in Fig. 6 right, which is referred to the Gotthard Base Tunnel, a yielding support by steel sets with sliding connections was used, including steel bolts for face support) that will allow for accommodating deformations without damage of the lining.Cited by: 11
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319864840_Assessment_of_tunnel's_face_support_pressure
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/gete.201100024
The article revisits the classic problem of tunnel face stability with special emphasis on the effect of horizontal stresses. These are important for shear resistance and thus also for the equilibrium of the potentially unstable body in front of the tunnel face, but they also …Cited by: 61
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